Steel metalworking processes are imperative in forming the casted steel ingots or billets into various shapes and components. Metalworking is the shaping of the steel into desired products with increased strength and toughness. Hot forming, cold forming and warm forming are the most common types of metalworking processes used in forming steel.
Hot Forming
Hot forming processes apply heat to soft in the metal for shaping with pressure, these processes include hot rolling, hot forging and hot extrusion.
- 热轧涉及通过辊子通过加热的金属板,以减小杆或板坯的尺寸。该过程卷起短厚产品以创建更长的产品。该方法在热轧机上进行,并且在通常不需要精确公差的产品上使用。欧宝啊app
– Hot forging also simply referred to as forging, is the process of deforming metal at high temperatures with any press or hammer. Hot forging can be used to manufacture small and precise parts as well as a variety of long product shapes.
– Hot extrusion is the process of pushing a hot steel blank or workpiece through a die of a desired cross-section, that will reduce the cross section of the extruded piece. The extruded piece will have the same cross-section or shape throughout the whole piece and will contain an elongated grain structure.
Cold Forming
Cold forming processes form steel at room temperature and do not require heating of the metal. These processes include cold rolling, cold forging and cold drawing.
– Cold rolling is the process of compressing metal at room temperature between rollers to reduce the thickness of the metal. This process is completed on a cold rolling mill and is performed on products that were hot rolled. The cold rolling processes provide a better surface finish with better control of exact dimensions.
– Cold forging is the process of utilizing high speed and pressure to permit and accurately deform metal below the recrystallization points or at room temperature using a cold forging press. There is little or no waste generated during this process. However, cold forgings will not deform as readily as hot or warm forgings.
- 冷绘是通过模具拉动原条或杆的过程,以减少原料库存的横截面,同时增加原始产品的长度。在不预热的情况下进行该方法并产生具有细长晶粒的应用和改进的机械性能。
Warm Forging
Warm forging is defined as a process in which metal is deformed below the recrystallization point. Warm forging does not generate much scale formation on the part surface. Therefore, it is a more cost-effective process than hot forging. However, warm forging is limited to forming simpler shapes when compared to hot forging due to the ductility of the reheated steel.